Useful Linux Commands

bindfs

bindfs [OPTIONS] DIR MOUNT_POINT

Examples

bindfs -o force-user=www-data,force-group=www-data,perms=0550,nonempty /www /var/www
bindfs -o force-user=www-data,force-group=www-data,perms=0770,nonempty /www/data /var/www/data

find

find DIR -type f -iname 'FILE_PATTERN'

Examples

find test -type f -iname 'x*'
find test -type f -iname 'x*' -o -iname 'y*'

find test -type f -iname '*[*' -a -not -iname '*]*'

Convert files recursively

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 dos2unix

git

Email Address & Username

git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"

If using a repo setup in windows and then running git on linux

git config --global core.autocrlf input

Examples

git status

git add .

git commit -am "commit message"

git commit --amend

git gui

grep

grep [OPTION...] PATTERNS [FILE...]
grep [OPTION...] -e PATTERNS ... [FILE...]
grep [OPTION...] -f PATTERN_FILE ... [FILE...]

Examples

grep -rnw '/path/' -e 'TEXT_TO_FIND'

-r or -R is recursive,
-n is line number, and
-w stands for match the whole word.
-l (lower-case L) can be added to just give the file name of matching files.

gzip

gzip -stdout --best FILENAME > FILENAME.gz

Examples

gzip -stdout --best partclone.img > partclone.img.gz

ln

ln -s TARGET LINK_NAME

Examples

ln -s /media/data/downloads ~/downloads

mount

mount [-fnrsvw] [-o OPTION[,OPTION]...] DEVICE|DIR

-o options
-t filesystem type

Examples

mount --type=vfat -o umask=007,uid=0,gid=500 /dev/sda1 /media/fat
mount -t ntfs-3g -o remove_hiberfile /dev/sda1 /media/ntfs
mount -o uid=0,gid=500,umask=007,noatime /dev/sda1 /media/data
mount -t cifs -o username=tim //192.168.0.1/data /mnt/data

rsync

rsync [-OPTIONS] SOURCE DESTINATION

(trailing / important when referring to directory contents - see examples)

-r, --recursive             recurse into directories
-a, --archive               archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
-v, --verbose               increase verbosity
-i, --itemize-changes       output a change-summary for all updates
-p, --perms                 preserve permissions
-u, --update                skip files that are newer on the receiver
     --delete                delete extraneous files from dest dirs
-l, --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks
-H, --hard-links            preserve hard links
-h, --human-readable        output numbers in a human-readable format
    --progress              show progress during transfer
    --exclude=PATTERN       exclude files matching PATTERN
-n, --dry-run               perform a trial run with no changes made

Examples


Mirror Source to Destination

rsync -raviphl --progress --exclude='.fuse*' --delete /media/H/backups/ /media/O/backups/

Update Destination from Source

rsync -raviphl --progress --exclude='.fuse*' /media/N/backups/ /media/H/backups/

tar

tar [OPTION...] [FILENAME]...

Examples


backup

tar -cpvf home.tar /home
tar -cpvzf home.tar.gz /home

tar --exclude '/home/tim' -cpvzf backup.tar.gz /home

find test -type f -iname 'x*' | tar -cpvzf test.tar.gz -T -
find test -type f -iname 'x*' -o -iname 'y*' | tar -cpvzf test.tar.gz -T -
find test -type f -iname '*[*' -a -not -iname '*]*' | tar -cpvzf test.tar.gz -T -

tar -cpvzf - /home | openssl aes-256-ecb -out backup.tar.gz.aes
tar -cpvzf - /home | gpg --encrypt --output=backup.tar.gz.gpg

restore

tar -xpvf backup.tar
tar -xpvzf backup.tar.gz

openssl aes-256-ecb -d -in backup.tar.gz.aes|tar xpvzf -
gpg --decrypt backup.tar.gz.gpg|tar xpvzf -

list contents

tar -tvf backup.tar.gz

taskset

taskset [options] mask command [arg]...
taskset [options] -p [mask] pid

Examples


get cpu affinity

taskset -cp PID

set cpu affinity

taskset -cp 1 PID
taskset -cp 1,2 PID
taskset -cp 0-3 PID

start process and set cpu affinity

taskset -c 1 COMMAND
taskset -c 1,2 COMMAND
taskset -c 0-3 COMMAND

uuid

uuid [-v VERSION] [-m] [-n COUNT] [-1] [-F FORMAT] [-o FILENAME] [NAMESPACE_NAME]

uuid -d [-r] [-o FILENAME] UUID

Examples

uuid -v4

zip

zip backup.zip FILENAME
zip backup.zip FILENAME1 FILENAME2

zip -r backup.zip DIRNAME
zip -r backup.zip DIRNAME1 DIRNAME2

Examples


zip backup.zip .bashrc
zip backup.zip .bashrc .bash_aliases

zip -r backup.zip /home
zip -r backup.zip /home/tim /home/tux

find test -type f -iname 'x*' | zip backup.zip -@
find test -type f -iname 'x*' -o -iname 'y*' | zip backup.zip -@